Marketing Strategies Of Hong Thai Travel

Marketing Strategies Of Hong Thai Travel As the tourism is important industry in Hong Kong, more and more travel agencies use different marketing strategies to attract tourists. These travel agencies have like Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday. Hong Thai Travel is a big organization. It is established in 1966, and now has more than one thousand employees. On the other hand, Smart Holiday is a small organization. It is established in 2007, its been only two years since it established. They can be existence together through use different marketing strategies. In this proposal, I will compare Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday can be existence reasons together. I would focus on Hong Thai and Smart Holiday in Hong Kong to deeply know about the marketing strategies, thats mean I would like to compare on marketing strategies of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday as well as what factors will affect /attract tourists, what promotion channels will use for tourists and so on. By using questionnaires, 140 tourists will be asked, in other to investigate which one may attract tourist between Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Relationship between factors such as package price, travel agency location, service quality and so on. Besides, I will use the data collection method to finish this proposal like communication approach. Beside, sampling method was used by this proposal. I will through interview, telephone, e-mail, internet to study and analysis the marketing strategy of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. And I would like to use those methods to test what are strategies usefully. In additional, I will be refer to some relevant literature to analysis and study about marketing strategies, such as Medial Tourism Business Plan (Medial Tourism Business Plan 2009) and some reasons lead to consumer to choose travel agency (V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu 2000: 52-59). Aim A comparison of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday concerning about the aspects of marketing strategies is conducted and information regarding of that is going to be shown in this project in which some elicitations hopefully can be given out. Besides, because the marketing strategies must be affect travel agencies sales, I have interest to study their marketing strategies. Background Hong Kong travel agencies developed very rapidly. In the past, Hong Kong has only large organization of travel agency, such as Wing On Travel agency, Hong Thai travel agency and so on. In some survey showed that tourists are rather well education with 34 percent having post secondary school and another 37 percent university qualification or above. (Eturbonews 2009) More and more people have money to travel because much more peoples have high education and they have some pressure in working. Also, they want to reduce a lot of pressure through a trip. Therefore, the travel industry needs larger. In travel agencies, large organizations of travel agency has use difference preferential price to attract more peoples. Besides, small organization of travel agency has use difference marketing strategy to attract more peoples, therefore, these operation are increasingly successful. Now, Hong Kong has more than 133 travel agencies. It is including small and large organizations of travel agency. In the past ten years, Hong Kong has only 105 travel agencies. It meaning travel industry developed very rapidly. In some travel agency make a survey in the past twelve months, 37 percent of tourists went to mainland china and Macau, 34 percent of them want to north and northeast Asia that including Taiwan, 15 percent of them went to south and Southeast Asia. (Eturbonews 2009) It meaning china trip, north trip and south trip and so on, it is very popular trips. Also, travel agency can make above trips to attract peoples. It is a selling point for tourists. In smart holiday travel agency, it is focus on to provide Southeast Asian line for tourist because this line trip has cheap cost price. So, Smart holiday travel agency can establish more and more stores from one to eleven branch stores. Also, south and Southeast Asia line trips have big development areas. In some travel industry survey, it showed that when Customer chose trips, they are considering reliability of the branch, price, quality, customer services and popularity. So, in this situation, Hong Thai travel agency has above superiority. it is large travel agency which have much more experience in operation. So, it can make tourists reliability and satisfaction. For the recently tourism, more and more competitors have different marketing strategies to enhance their sales. Such as Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday. They are use different methods to attract consumers. In aspect of Hong Thai Travel, it is established in 1966, and now has more employees around thousand. A branch stores was distributed in different location like Kowloon, Hong Kong, New Territories, Macus and China. There are 30 branch stores because Hong Thai Travel is a big organization. In additional, based on Nielsen Media Index Hong Kong Report of 2001 to 2008 show that Hong Thai Travel has maximum tourists in Hong Kong. Hong Thai travel is a full services travel agency. It provides tour packages, cruise planning to single and groups. Hong Thai travel focus on tourists throughout Asia including Hong Kong, Singapore and so on. Hong Thai of Hong Kong is a full service agency, it offer group and single tour packages, cruise packages to a variety of destinations, ticketing and h otels and more. Hong Thai travel offers the best level of travel services and quality of tourism to customer. It offers quality services as a strategy that it leads business attracts more tourists. It includes business and personal travel. Hong Thai travel agency is a one-stop travel department store to offer wide travel products and services. Travel agency managing director Mr.Jackie Wong is widely recognized as one of the leader in travel industry of Hong Kong. Hong Thai motto we make it for you, that is Hong Thais commitment to continuous to develop better and more innovation and services. In aspect of Smart Holiday, it is established in 2007, which is its been only two years since it established. Although Smart Holiday is only two years operation experience, it has been own important position in travel agency. Smart Holiday have 11 branch stores that was distributed in different place such as Kowloon, Hong Kong and New Territories. Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday have differe nt selling point. In aspect of Hong Thai Travel, it always provides much more different trip line to consumer. Thus, Tourists have more choice about tourism. Hong Thai vision has become the customers most beloved travel agent. Hong Thais have ability to develop new products to their success. They work closely with tourism boards and handling agencies worldwide to bring the newest travel destinations to customers. Hong Thais a place of open communication and preferred place to work in. Hong Thais provide concrete service guarantees, namely is department guarantee, price guarantee, and Itinerary guarantee. These promises make their customer worry-free since they always book their trips months in advance. They match up potential opportunities and threats from external environment with their strength and weakness in internal competence, forming strategic initiatives in four aspects. It includes financial, customer, internal business process, learning growth. They use customer touch point strategic for the customers. Its mission is innovative, receptive to changes and socially responsible in offering high quality travel services. In aspect of Smart Holiday, it only focuses on to provide Southeast Asian line for tourist. Because of Smart Holiday is small travel agency, there trip price is cheaper than other big travel agencies. Its mission is providing high quality travel services and cheaper price tourism. Smart holiday enhance network marketing for their successfully. Much smaller travel agency tells us clearly that the market has played an important role and they maintain close contact existing customers and attract new customers. Smart holiday ensure that the company name, logo, message and tone in consistent from a communication tool in other to help strengthen the brand recall. Smart holiday should build a links to their website, blog and social network throughout all their communication channels. And, this makes it easy for interested reader to find out more about their company and what the ir can provides. Smart holiday use an event marketing tool to manage their event, and promote it via their social networks. Smart holiday can provide some discount incentives in shopping event and customer appreciation. Above informations is very important for me. I will refer to above information to compare their marketing strategies, and I would like to know they can be existence reasons together. On the other hand, travel agencies are affected by economic environment factor and social-culture environment factor and so on. For example, a travel agency sale was affected by economic environment badly. Objectives Below are the main points of the objectives of this research: Comparison of 4p marketing strategy of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday (place, price promotion and product) Examine the reasons why they join the trip from that channel? (Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday) Examine the relationship between factors (package price, travel agency location, service quality, training between staff etc.) Study the consumer behavior of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday Examine the most beloved tourism lines? (in Hong Thai Travel? In Smart Holiday?) Compare travel services in Hong Thai and Smart Holiday ( customer services quality) Examine Smart Holiday can be existence reasons( have lower cost? Focus on Southeast Asian line?) Research Methods I will use the data collection method to finish this proposal like communication approach. Beside, sampling method was used by this proposal. I use sampling method because it is lower cost. In additional, it has greater accuracy and greater speed. Questionnaires: During doing the project, I need to do a research for collecting the data from manager of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday and some tourists. Therefore, I decide to design the questionnaires for research with my focus group. I will discuss some questions about collecting the data which I want to know from interviewers. Also, I need to think that what kinds of format of questionnaire that will help me to analysis the data more easier, for example, yes/no questions or open-ended questions. After decision in the choice in format of questionnaire, I then print out some questionnaire and make an outdoor research by face to face method or by uploading the questionnaires onto the internet for collecting the useful data. 100-200 interviewers will be asked about the questionnaires. Sampling: First I sample the tourists which are in stores of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Those places are many tourist visits that place every day. After that, I sample the manager of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. When I am doing the survey at that moment, I use convenience sampling the tourists or managers who are male or female. Internet: The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network .On internet, I can find lots of information such as news, also many other services including e-mail, file and sharing. About my report, I will find the primary data or the second data though the discussion areas of internet, on discussion area, I can find the specify one such as travel agencies area .On this area, I can leave the message to people who are the travel lover or I can see whether there are tourist in discussion website, waiting for their response within some days. Sampling: I use the convenience sampling, because I do not know who are on internet, I post the questionnaires on internet and they will doing the survey who are telling me are tour guides. Another way is searching the tourist on the internet forum, I focus on the tourism part to find out the tourist. Telephone: Tele-interviewing is simple process of using a telephone interview as a means of collecting data about the interviewees experience in tourism and lifestyle. I can get the information about the customers satisfaction of tourism though telephone. By telephone, I find friend, family member, colleague, classmates etc. Moreover, different people have different explanations, so, their response to my questions will have different results. Those in formation just only for my reference to more understand tourist and I can gather some primary data about the marketing strategies of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Sampling: I will use the quota sampling, first I may be told to Hong Thai and Smart Holiday to ask about the marketing strategies, To interview tourist who are stay in at home at that moment, ask about the marketing strategies of they think. E-Mail: Send the data and questions by e-mail which include my university name, course name, subject title, major questions and our purpose are to tourism hobbyist, leader, tour guides and other relevant persons. Sampling: I will use the quota sampling, first I may be told to Hong Thai and Smart Holiday to ask about the marketing strategies, I sent e-mail to above travel agencies in Hong Kong because I want to know their marketing strategies. Also I do not expect they are asked the question about marketing strategies. Interview: I gather the information by using face to face interview. Interview is a procedure designed to solicit information from a persons oral responses to oral inquiries. I will utilize structured interview for gathering the data from interviewees in that research. I am going to prepare the questions that will be asked before going out. During setting questions on questionnaires, I have to analyze the current situations in the Hong Kong so as to make the questions on questionnaires more updated. Besides of this, I also decide whether the dialogue will be recorded or not. As interview need to be allow by managers, I will send them a require letter, wish they will allow me to conduct interview. Or, maybe to interview tourist who are stay in travel agencies at that moment, ask about the marketing strategies of they think. Project plan Please refer to other paper Critical review of relevant literature The literature review is focused on information search. Referring to that topic, I shall take about travel marketing strategies and choice of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. According to Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in 2006, HKGCC Judging Panel said that now is Hong Thai Travel has successfully marketing strategies. It shows that Hong Thai Travel has successfully identified a market role and provided love seeking tour to specific group of consumers who expect companions. Using by a strong innovative culture, Hong Thai Travel is able to develop new gimmicks continually, adding value to its traditional services, and enhancing its leadership in a highest competitive market. Thus, the company can success is demonstrated by remarkable achievement in Hong Kong (HKGCC 2006). After that, Tourism Consultative Council suggests that travel agency may encourage innovation in future. Travel has an integral element in marketing strategies. I think that an integral element can use in marketing strategies of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday Travel. If travel agencies has integral element of marketing strategies, it will explore how this will impact areas of manpower and technology in tourism market (the Tourism Consultative Council 2003). On the other hand, according to Medial Tourism Business Plan information, it shows that Travel agency should offer consumer VIP services and it ensures the highest level of consumer services. Besides of the product strategy, in aspect of promotion strategy, travel agency may hire a professional manager to generate publicity that reinforce their images and attract more consumers by focusing on consumer satisfaction. Thus, it may expect to achieve strong word-of-mouth advertising as consumes share their tourism experience with their close friends. Hence, it may be to minimize advertising cost through this way. Moreover, travel agency can use the internet to promote themselves, they can invest in a best-in-class website that is designed to appeal to the sensibilities of upscale consumers. Other way, travel agency can make limited use of direct mail by creating an extremely high quality mail piece that will be send to the consumers. In aspect of sales strategy, Medial Tourism Business Pl an suggests that travel agency may employ professional case manager who will be first point of contact with prospective consumers. Thus, it can encourage up-selling of their VIP services. Above strategies might be use to Hong Thai and Smart holiday (Medial Tourism Business Plan 2009). In additional, there are many reasons lead to consumer to choose travel agency. A total of 183 Hong Kong consumers were surveyed and were asked to rate 29 attributes that might affect their choice of travel agency for all- inclusive package tours by V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu. The results showed that 29 attributes were affected about choice of travel agency in travel agency reputation. V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu said that Travel agency reputation was rated as the most important attribute in travel agency selection, followed by word-of-mouth communication and staff attitude. V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu suggested that might use seven factors to analysis choice of consumer. Also, Hong Thai and Smart Holiday are use seven factor to analysis choice of travel agency of consumers. It includes namely, Interactive Agent Quality, Formal Communication, Overall Convenience, Pricing, Product Features, and Image. Those factor can use to analysis marketing strategies to consumers (V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu 2000: 52-59). Besides of above strategies and some information, Susskind, A. M., M. A. Bonn, and C. S. Dev suggested that travel agency must let consumer has trust and trustworthiness of an information sources as well as booking channel (Susskind, A. M., M. A. Bonn, and C. S. Dev 2003: 256-64). Nysveen H suggested that travel agency has on line booking channel, which should be security and trustworthiness. So, Hong Thai Travel has online booking services, which website should be based on added values first of all aimed at the reduction of risk and uncertainty (Nysveen, H. 2003:113-127). On the other hand, Susan Segal-Horn suggests that manager needs to improve operational efficiency which through programs, such as total quality management, time-based competition, and benchmarks. Also, both smaller and large organization may changed how they performance of the activities, to eliminate efficiency and enhance customer satisfaction and successful the best practice. In order to keep pace with changes in the productivity of border management has accepted the continuous improvement, empowerment, change management, and so-called learning organization. (Susan Segal-Horn 2001: 75). In additional, Combes, G.C. and Patel said that the internet offers a potentially low-cost Retail distribution channels to reach customers 24 hours a day anywhere in the world. In addition, as the transfer of customer transactions to electronic channels, the detailed data that can be stepped up to collect Targeted advertising and marketing work, and reduce other operating expenses. The Internet has increased the price of access to information and products, so that Clients determine the best treatment, in the online and traditional channels to improve their communication with suppliers. Hence, Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday is open 24 hours communication channel for their customers. (Combes, G.C. and Patel 2000: 1) After that, Susan Segal-Horn implies that companies are success that only it can create different strategies, and the need to save the strategic. So, Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday are must provide greater value to customers or at a lower cost to create a higher value, or both. Arithmetic superior profitability is as follows: to provide greater value, enabling the company to charge higher average unit prices, higher efficiency resulting in lower average unit costs. Lower or higher prices in the cost of time to the creation, production, marketing products and services to them, such as according to customer requirements, can improve the final product assembly and train their employees.( Susan Segal-Horn 2001: 74). Besides, Shohreh A. Kaynama, PhD and Christine I. Black, suggests that many service industries, travel agents believe the Internet is an opportunities and threats. So, some of the smaller agencies like Smart Holiday Travel Agency will choose to use the internet merely as a medium of communication, in order to promote with their business Static web site or as a way to receive e-mail with the customer. These small establishments Wish to participate in the competition and offer highly specialized travel services to customers and attract customers attention. Other traditional travel agencies are in a state of transition. These hybrid organizations also provide individual customers by focusing on Walk in and telephone services, while at the same time through their Web sites to develop automated reservation and booking system. Hence, it can increase company benefits. (Shohreh A. Kaynama, PhD Christine I. Black, MLS 2000:65).

Sweet Choices Essay -- Business, Dairy Queen, Grandpa McCullough

I. The Beginnings of Dairy Queen The founders of Dairy Queen's famous soft serve ice cream, John Fremont 'Grandpa' McCullough and his son Alex McCullough, originally established the Homemade Ice Cream Company in 1927 in Davenport, Iowa. The father and son duo originally sold an assortment of ice cream products in and around places like Moline and Rock Island, Illinois, and Bettendorf and Davenport, Iowa, until the need to expand in the early 1930's caused the McCullough's to decide to relocate their ice cream mix plant to a former cheese factory in Green River, Illinois. The process the McCullough's used to make ice cream was difficult and complex: Butterfat, milk solids, sweetener, and stabilizer were first combined, then mixed, and finally put into a batch freezer where the combination was chilled, given a specific amount of air (technically called 'overrun'), and flavored. The product was denser and richer than most ice creams, with less overrun. When the temperature reached 23 degrees Fahrenheit, a spigot was opened in the freezer and the soft ice cream flowed into three- gallon containers. The containers were covered with lids, frozen at minus-ten degrees Fahrenheit, and delivered to customers. When an ice cream store was ready to serve the product, the ice cream was put into a dipping cabinet and the temperature increased to five degrees Fahrenheit. (IDQ 1920-40) At the time, ice cream was frozen solid to accommodate manufacturers and store owners when they transferred the ice cream from one location to another location. However, when ice cream is served at such cold temperatures, it causes consumers taste buds to become numb which, subsequently, meant that consumers could not get the full flavor of the ice... ...65 in Canada, 123 in Japan, and over 30 in eight other foreign countries. (IDQ 1970) While the addition of the Peanut Butter Parfait and the Hot Fudge Brownie Delight in the 1980's proved to be very successful, it was the Blizzard that propelled the company to the number one spot in America's treat chain industry. This unique soft serve medley, mixed with fruit, cookies, and candy, sold over 175 million units in its first year alone. (IDQ 1980-90) The company gradually continued domestic and international growth in the early 1990's. Around the U.S., stores began to open in more non-traditional areas such as airports, railroad stations, shopping malls, and even office complexes. Internationally, the company planned to open stores in Western and Eastern Europe while development was started in Thailand, Cyprus, Kuwait, Oman, Taiwan, and Indonesia. (IDQ 1980-90)

Classical School of Criminology: Definitions of some terminology Essay

Introduction The Classical School of Criminology emerged during the period of Enlightenment and was to become an important role player in the scientific study of Criminology. The Classical School of thought offered the first naturalistic explanation of crime and basic ideas about crime and a criminal justice system were developed. (Bezuidenhoud, 2013, p. 126) The Classical school and its proponents left a legacy which can be seen in the Constitutions of many countries (including South Africa) and form the basis and foundation of many laws and Criminological theories. Here following is a discussion on three (3) of the concepts (Hedonism, Death Penalty and Deterrence) as introduced by the Classical School but with particular attention paid to how these concepts form a part of modern day Criminology and how the current concepts can be improved upon in South African Law. 1. Hedonism 2. Social Contract 3. Law 4. Deterrence 5. Due process of law 6. Death Penalty Hedonism The concept of Hedonism is grounded in several scientific fields of study. In Psychology the definition for Hedonism is given as: â€Å"the theory that conduct and especially all human behaviour are fundamentally motivated by the pursuit of pleasure or the avoidance of pain†. (Hedonism. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th Ed.) Jeremy Bentham in his book Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) defines Hedonism as â€Å"A doctrine with the central tenet that the achievement of pleasure or happiness is the main goal of life. (Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), Chap 5) The word ‘hedonism’ comes from the ancient Greek for ‘pleasure’. Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that only pleasure or pain motivates us. Ethical or evaluative hedonism claims that only pleasure has worth or value and only pain or displeasure has disvalue or the opposite of worth. Jeremy Bentham asserted both psychological and ethical hedonism with the first two sentences of his book An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation: â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain, and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do†. Debate about hedonism was a feature too of many centuries before Bentham, and this has also continued after him. (Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), Chap 1) In layman’s terms Hedonism implies that every human has the inborn desire and compulsion to weigh pleasure and pain up against each other and ultimately choose to go for the pleasure option. Therefore laws should be formulated in such a way that, bearing in mind the innate desires for pleasure, man will be curtailed by †pain†. Any person should be able to weigh the pleasure to be gained by an illegal act against the punishment (pain) decreed by law and subsequently to decide against the act. (Philips, A.R., (2014), Slide 19) In modern-day South Africa nothing seems to have changed. It is merely the forms of pleasure and pain that have evolved due to the technological changes since the 18th century. The search for pleasure has become more powerful with all citizens; society in general and government aiming at gaining â€Å"pleasure† sometimes at any cost. The ordinary citizen sees the level of luxury of the â€Å"haves† and will consider anything to be able to experience the same level of pleasure. Furthermore, certain promises were made 20 years ago when the country moved from apartheid to democracy. Although huge strides have been made there has been a definite widening of the gap between the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have-nots†. Simplistically crime has evolved into the one sector of the poor turning them to crime to achieve a level of survival (those who have experienced no or very little improvement in their lives) while another sector is driven to crime purely by greed. The  desire for fast, easy money through crimes such as drugs and prostitution. Death Penalty Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) together with Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was considered to be the most influencial during the Classical School period. Beccaria famously writing mostly about Deterrence as prevention of crime and Punishment should fit the crime Beccaria also called for the abolition of capital punishment. He offered three Main arguments: first, that the death penalty is not useful within a rational and well-ordered Criminal justice system; second that capital punishment is illegitimate under a social Contractarian theory of political obligation; and, third, that the irrevocable nature of the death Penalty is incompatible with the fallible human judgments that are necessarily involved in Capital punishment. Every time a remarkable crime occurs – remarkable either because of the fame of the victim or the extraordinary brutality of the act – there are people calling for a debate on the restoration of the death penalty in South Africa; for the protection of good people, children, and the whole of society against monsters. When it comes to death penalty the Constitution of South Africa is very clear too; there are three basic rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights which focuses on the unconstitutionality of state sanctioned murder. These rights are: the right to life, the right to freedom and security of the person and the right to dignity (SA Constitution, (1996), Section 12 (1)) The death penalty is a highly contentious issue which has been the subject of much debate, writings and research. Botswana still passes the Death sentence and is the country with the lowest crime rate. As stated in The Botswana travel Guide (2013) stated: â€Å"People in Botswana are very friendly and the crime rate is low.† Could the reason for this be that the Death sentence (an act of revenge) acts as Deterrence on a general level? This is a proverbial can of worms that I would definitely not like to open. South Africa’s Death sentence history is a very murky one. About 3500 inmates were hung in the previous century. Of these were 130 whose only crime was fighting for freedom for all South African citizens. (Is this the most ghoulish tourist attraction in the world? Gallows where 3500 were hanged declared a national, monument in South Africa, (2011, 15 December) My personal view on the topic is that we should maintain the status quo for several reasons. 1. Being a Christian I believe in the Commandment â€Å"Thou shall not kill† 2. Killing a killer does not make is right. 3. The Death sentence is purely an act of revenge and serves no purpose as deterrence. One could however argue the point that Abortion (which is legalized in this country) is also murder. Murder of intent but once again another contentious issue. Death sentencing, in my opinion, is barbaric, inhumane, and cruel and has no place in our modern society and Constitution. Deterrence According to the Classical school â€Å"the law was to protect the rights of both society and the individual, and its chief purpose was to deter criminal behaviour. Therefore Classical law emphasized moral responsibility and the duty of citizens to consider fully the consequences of behaviour before they acted†¦.. The role of punishment, according to Bentham, in itself was evil and should be used only to exclude some greater evil. Thus, the only justification for punishment was Deterrence. The Classical school saw two forms of Deterrence: a specific or individual form and a general or societal form.† (Williams, P.W. and McShane, M.D., (2014), pg. 17) Individual Deterrence is aimed at the individual who has committed the crime. The punishment should therefore be equal to the crime committed so that the offender will remember the unpleasantness of the punishment and not repeat the activity again. General or societal deterrence is aimed at the society at large. The severity of punishment should be determined by the extent of damage to the public welfare. BUT the aim of punishment should be to restrain the criminal from causing any further damage (individual deterrence) and deter others from crime (general deterrence). (Carlitz, A., (2013), Chap 5) In South Africa today our penal system makes provision for 3 aims of punishment: Retribution, deterrence and Rehabilitation. All three aimed at providing peace, harmony and safety for all its citizens. Our Constitution leans more heavily towards Rehabilitation. All attempts are therefore made to ensure that the offender learns from his punishment and rehabilitates to become a productive member of our society. Deterrence is to my mind a positive way of dealing with offenders. If implemented correctly it can go a long way in leading to a better society. However there seems to be different rules for different people. Deterrence has very little value if punishment for high-profile offenders is reduced while the ordinary citizen has to face the full wrath of the law. The society looks at the preferential treatment of certain high-profile citizens. Examples of preferential treatment. 1. Schabir Shaik (Durban businessman and friend of President Jacob Zuma): On 8 June he was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment on each of the two counts of corruption, as well as 3 years on the count of fraud. The sentences will run concurrently, giving him an effective 15year prison term. On 3 March 2009 Shaik was released on medical parole, after serving two years and four months of his 15-year prison term. Since that time he has been seen regularly busy with activities which clearly refuted his alleged medical condition (Opposition slams release of Schabir Shaik, (2009, 3 March), p. 1) and Schabir Shaik’s parole paradise, 2010, 8 January, p.1) 2. Jackie Selebi (SA Police Commissioner): Selebi was found guilty of corruption on 2 July 2010 and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment on 3 August 2010. His appeal against his sentence was rejected by the Supreme Court of Appeal on 2 December 2011, after the court unanimously ruled against him. However, he was released on medical parole in July 2012. (Selebi guilty of corruption, (2010, 2 July), p. 1) Tony Yengeni (South African politician): In 2004, Yengeni was convicted of  defrauding parliament by accepting a discount on a luxury car during the tendering process for a controversial arms deal while he was the member of a parliamentary committee reporting on the same deal. The case against Michael Woerfel was withdrawn since Yengeni was found not guilty on the charges involving Woerfel. Yengeni entered Pollsmoor Prison near Cape Town on 24 August 2006, was immediately transferred to more modern Malmesbury prison, but was released on parole on 15 January 2007 — after completing a mere four months of the four-year sentence. ((Tony Yengeni. (n.d.). In Wikipedia.) Cases such as the three mentioned above, do not sit well with the South African citizens. Such cases make people suspicious and negative towards our legal system. They do very little to act as a Deterrence since citizens believe that you will only receive fair treatment if you are somebody important. Conclusion One could argue that the Classical School was extremely radical regarding the rights of criminals and working tirelessly at proving that criminals were forced into crime by various internal and external factors because of the appalling circumstances and inhumane punishments that went on in the centuries prior to the enlightenment. They could seem to have had an axe to grind and wrote prolifically on the topic. What can however not be disputed is that they were very forward in their thinking and set the stage for many reforms to take place in the penal system. The value of their proposals is proven by the number of countries that have entrenched in their constitutions many of the changes advocated by the writers of the Classical School. Many of the ideas championed by Beccaria in such rights as freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, the right to a speedy trial, freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, the right to a prohibition of ex post facto laws, the right to confront one’s accusers, and equality under law, contained in the Bill of Rights and other documents at the heart of Western legal systems today. (Bezuidenhoud, C., Ed, (2013), p. 127) Bibliography Associated Press, (December 15, 2011), Is this the most ghoulish tourist attraction in the world? Gallows where 3500 were hanged declared a national, monument in South Africa, Daily Mail. Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), The Principles of Morals and Legislation. Amherst: Prometheus Books. Bezuidenhoud, C, Ed., (2013), A Southern African Perspective on Fundamental Criminology, Cape Town, Heineman Botswana, (n.d.), In Wikitravel, Retrieved on February 17, 2014 from http://wikitravel.org/ Carlitz, A., (2013), Theoretical foundation of Sentencing, Bloemfontein Groenewald, Y., (March 3, 2009), Opposition slams release of Schabir Shaik, Mail and Guardian. Groenewald, Y., (January 8, 2010), Schabir Shaik’s Parole Paradise, Mail & Guardian Hedonism. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th Ed.). Retrieved from http://www.mw.com/dictionary/hedonismp. Jackie Selebi (December 30, 2013), In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopaedia, Retrieved on 2014 February, 17 from http://en.wikipedia.org/ Philips, A.R., (2014), Crime Causation according to the Classical School, Bloemfontein. South African Constitution, (1996), Cape Town Tony Yengeni, (n.d.), In Wikipedia: The Free encyclopaedia, Retrieved on February 17, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wiliams P.W. & McShane, M.D., (2014) Criminological Theories, 6th Ed, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall

The UN and the Korean War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 941 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Korean War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Following Japanese defeat in World War Two, the United States, China and the United Kingdom adopted a joint resolution stating that Korea formerly part of the Japanese empire- would become an independent country. However the United States only occupied the southernmost portion of the peninsula, while the northern part of the country had previously been liberated by the soviet army. For this reason it was decided that Korea would be split into two portions: North Korea and South Korea, divided along the 38th parallel. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The UN and the Korean War" essay for you Create order This border was hastily and clumsily drawn and both Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee, leaders of North and South Korea respectively, viewed it as temporary, making conflict virtually inevitable. On June 25th, 1950 the Korean war officially started when 75,000 soldiers from North Korea attacked the south, and within three days, had overtaken Pyongyang. This movement was also the first military action taken in the cold war. The Republic of Korea in the south was ill equipped and had far too few soldiers to fight the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea in the North, so the UN intervened, supplying the south with troops and supplies. The Korean War was of particular interest to the UN because it was the first major global conflict after the end of World War Two. The war erupted only five years after the UNs inception, and was an opportunity for the UN to prove their credibility and power ,or lack thereof, on a global scale.Because the UN did not recognize communist governments, the Soviet Union was absent when the council took a vote on weather or not to become involved in the Korean war, as the Soviet Union was protesting the UNs refusal to recognize The Peoples republic of China as the official government of China. This absence meant the UN had enough votes in support of aiding South Korea. Sixteen UN member nations sent fighting units, and five sent military hospitals and ambulances. Support from the UN made it possible for the otherwise undermanned and underfunded Republic of Korea to become a formidable opponent to the north for over three years of fighting and five million casualties. In 1953 a negotiation for an armistice between the two nations began. The specifics of the armistice were debated for two years before they were finally settled upon on July 27th 1953. A new border was drawn up between the two nations near the 38th parallel and created a two mile wide demilitarization zone that is still in use, resulting in two nations that are still at war today. The Domino theory of communism was a popular belief in the US at the time of the Korean war, and citizens of the United States saw south Korea as a bulwark against the spread of communism southwards into Asia. It was this belief that prompted the US government to take action against the Peoples Republic of Korea. President Truman sent U.S. troops and weapons to Cover and Support South Korea months before the UN officially sanctioned the aid of troops and weapons from nation members to the south. While the official stated function of the UN in the Korean war was to to stimulate and coordinate offers of assistance in reality, its actual function was to to promote continuing United Nations participation in and supervision of the military security action in Korea of a more intimate and undistracted character than the Security Council could be expected to provide. according to UN secretary general Trygve Lie. The United States was not in favor of a global supervisory committee overseeing the war, and because the United States was a powerful political entity, the US government had the power to effectively reject such a committee, leaving the US in charge of both the political and strategic matters of the war. The major role of the United States in the UNs decision making was corroborated upon the creation of a US coalition that included troops from the UK, Canada, Turkey and other member states which was dispatched to bolster the South Korean defence. The Soviet Union opposed the United States views on the Korean war and provided aid to the North Korean Government. The Peoples Republic of China was not officially recognized by the UN, but they also provided North Korea with vital troops and weapons, that kept the north afloat while battling the south. The French, Australian, and British were all also major players in the UN at this time, however their views were more or less aligned with those of the United States at this time.In the short term, the UN provided troops and weapons that helped bring the Korean war to a stalemate. In the Long term, the Korean war helped define what the role of the UN in future conflicts would be. The war established the credibility of the UN as a major global organization, however it brought into question the Legitimacy of the UN taking on the role of a military command center. The effects of this can still be seen today, as the UN primarily functions as a peacekeeping body rather than a military uni t, and most armies will only let their troops follow the orders of a general from their own country. The Korean War also highlighted some of the UNs inherent flaws. The United States sent troops into South Korea before the UN resolution was approved, showing how easily the UN can become a rubber-stamp-like entity that lacks any real power or credibility. The Korean war also utilized some of the UNs best attributes, such as using the UN as a venue to declare global grievances and hypothesize potential solutions.