John Locke Two Treatises Of Government Philosophy Essay

John Locke Two Treatises Of Government Philosophy Essay The simple will attempt to survey the cogency of the legitimizations for state power set forward by John Locke in his Two Treatises of Government. Essentially the subsequent Treaty stresses on the between connection of property and development of Government. Locke has given a blended origination of property all through his the two settlements. In his implicit agreement hypothesis Locke made property rights key to the arrangement and improvement of common society and law based administration. Lockes contention depended on the normal law and where common law missed the mark he depended on the Christianity. Locke accepted that laws must be genuine on the off chance that they are to advance the benefit of everyone and that individuals will as a gathering make the best decision. As indicated by Locke the explanation behind individuals to go under the legislative control was basically to ensure their property. John Locke in his Two Treatises of Government has not given any away from of property and rather given a two sided connotation which alludes to a financial right and a nature of being. Teacher Reno, B Jeffreyâ [2]â pointed out that Locke offers two uncovering articulations with respect to the idea of property. In the First Treatise, he notes, Adams property in the animals was established upon the correct he needed to utilize those things that were essential or valuable to his beingâ [3]â . In the Second Treatise, Locke says that property is to be utilized to the best bit of leeway of life and convenienceâ [4]â . It is noteworthy that in the primary explanation Locke draws a qualification between property as vital or valuable though in the subsequent he makes a joining between property existing forever and comfort. Life and accommodation are not rival objectives with the end goal that one decides to propel either. Or maybe, reverberating the exact translation of the Law of Natur e, one looks for conservation consistently and comfort when it is accessible. It is, nonetheless, conceivable to separate between merchandise that serve the upside of life itselfnecessitiesand products that serve the benefit of conveniencethe valuable. The requirement for property to fit such expansive attributes assists with comprehending Lockes unusual method of clarifying its starting point and reason. Locke in his Second Treatises contends that property rights are advocated in light of the fact that people reserve a privilege to their safeguarding and therefore reserve an option to meat and drink and such things that Nature bears for their subsistence. [5] Locke further declares in Section 27 that everyman has a property in his own person[and that]the work of his body and crafted by his hands are appropriately his. As indicated by Locke, when an individual expels something from the condition of nature, he has blended his work in with it, and joined to it something that is his own, and in this manner makes it his property. Since work is the verifiable property of the worker, Locke accepts that no man yet he can reserve an option to what [his labour] is once joined to. Subside Laslettâ [6]â noted that this well known section, which nearly negates Lockes first rule that men have a place with God, not themselves, along with the general case that tis Labor for sure that put the d istinction of significant worth on everythingâ [7]â are maybe the most persuasive articulations he at any point made. In this area we locate another component work to his property hypothesis. What follows from this segment is that a people work and its item are indistinguishable, and subsequently responsibility for can be made sure about just by claiming the other. Consequently, if an individual is to claim his body and in this way its work, he should likewise possess what he gets his work together with specifically, the result of his work. Herman T Tavaniâ [8]â explains that Locke After giving a contention to what is required in the only allotment of the different sorts of articles that live in the hall, for example, oak seeds and apples, Locke continues to clarify how one can legitimately fitting segments of the house itself. He states: As much land as a man works, plants, improves, develops, and can utilize the result of, so much is his property. He by his work does, in a man ner of speaking, wall it in from the commonâ [9]â . Obviously, Locke doesn't accept that ones option to fitting items or to encase an area of the regular is outright i.e., without capabilities. For instance, he forces certain conditions and limitations as a feature of his legitimization for apportionment. One such limitation is some of the time portrayed as the no-squander condition. As per Locke, one may take from the center just as much as possible utilize to the upside of life before it spoilsâ [10]â . John Willinksyâ [11]â notes that Locke fabricated his contention in the interest of extensive contrasts in the property possessions among individuals in two different ways: first, by giving due weight to the gainful estimation of work, and afterward by taking into account the authority of larger part agree to set up elective monetary courses of action. However it is imperative to take note of that in what follows, Locke keeps the aggregate standard of a world held in like manner in offset with thoughts of private property. It was clear from the Lockes implicit agreement that the thought of work is integral to his property hypothesis. In any case, in Chapter V of Second Treatise show that few conditions should be considered in legitimizing property rights. [12] Locke had demanded that at whatever point something is appropriated from the house, enough and as great ought to be left for other people who likewise wish to fitting. Subsequently, Locke never expected that the negligible blending of ones work with something comprises an adequate condition for a people option to guarantee responsibility for thing.â [13]â Dwindle Laslettâ [14]â has called attention to that Lockes record of the source of property can't be expected to cover all significance of the word. For it isn't characterized as material belongings, nor in units of the comforts or necessities of life yet significantly more for the most part as Lives, Liberties and Estates, which I call by the general name, Property [15] Laslett further contends that for property to Locke appears to represent rights in their solid structure, or maybe rather to give unmistakable subject of a people powers and attitudes.â [16]â Lockes First Treatises establishes framework on the idea of property in Section 86 as the correct Adams needed to utilize those things that were fundamental or helpful to his being. In the Second Treatises in Section 26 Locke utilized the thought to the best favorable position of life and accommodation. Educator Renoâ [17]â noted that in the main articulation Locke draws a qualification between property as fundamental or helpful while in the subsequent he makes a relationship between property existing forever and accommodation. Life and comfort are not rival objectives with the end goal that one decides to propel either. Or maybe, resounding the experimental translation of the Law of Nature, one looks for safeguarding consistently and comfort when it is accessible. It is, be that as it may, conceivable to separate between merchandise that serve the benefit of life itself-necessities-and products that serve the upside of conveniencethe helpful. What follows from the plain perusing of Section 86 of Second Treatises is that property, both in the thin and in the all-encompassing sense, is deficiently secured and insufficiently controlled in the condition of nature and this is the basic burden which initiates men to go into Society to make one People, one Body Politick under one Supreme Government.. by setting up a Judge on Earth with Authority to decide all Controversies.â [18]â Lockes hypothesis of joining Men under one Society depended on assent as it was in the event of obtaining of property. Evaluates like Ashcraft, Dunn and numerous others contended that in reality the explanation depended on resourcefulness and power as opposed to assent. Locke accepts that it is assent alone that makes common society and such society requires political rights and obligations. [19] The political force that Locke alludes to is the ability to make law for that society however it should all be to benefit society.â [20]â It very well may be contended that legislatures were initially founded forcibly with no understanding, anyway Locke expressly says that he should give an option in contrast to the view that all administrations on the planet is the result of power and brutality. He concedes that a few governments are organized forcibly and viciousness however on the off chance that that were the main type of government he would deny the qualification among real and ill-conceived governments. As indicated by Locke a genuine government is established by the assent of the individuals being governed.â [21]â Grantâ [22]â says that the foundation of government is a two-advance methodology. All inclusive agree is important to shape a political network and agree to join a network once given is official and can't be pulled back. She proceeds to ask who rules and the appropriate response is dictated by greater part rule. All inclusive agree is required to set up the political network and dominant part agree to the appropriate response who is to decide that community.â [23]â Radcliffeâ [24]â says that David Hume cleansed Lockes induction by dismissing every heavenly ground for philosophical standards. He put aside Lockes thought of philosophical reason for his perspectives and depended exclusively on proof that sense experience gives. He approached whether history gives any premise to imagining that political force achieves authenticity through a social contract. [25] Hume presumed that history doesn't give any premise to feeling that political force emerged through the implicit agreement. Radcliffe further shows that Hume revealed another shortcoming in Lockes social hypothesis. The hypothesis bases the ethical commitment to comply with common government on the shared agree and guarantee to be represented. Anyway the agreement doesn't offer any reason for the ethical commitment to keep such promise.â [26]â The political commitment of compliance is on the sa

Land and property Develeopment Diary of the 'credit crunch' Essay

Land and property Develeopment Diary of the 'credit crunch' - Essay Example Subsequently the lessening flexibly of capital is additionally exhausted as it opens up for sure fire government utilization. There can be a credit crunch due to freeze disintermediation. Frenzy disintermediation is the dumping (quick offer) of protections, products, and different resources in a scramble over ownership of the restricted flexibly of cash (money). Portfolio administrators were telling speculators, and one another, that being out on the long finish of the yield bend was the best fence against a downturn on the planet economy. It took just 48 hours in reality homeroom for them to adapt in an unexpected way. There can be a credit crunch in view of a sudden spike in demand for the money. This source is really equivalent to that of the main distinction being that there is alarm liquidation of monetary resources in a single money, in return for money in another cash. This occurred in October 1998 as the yen rose in an incentive from Yen 131/dollar to Yen 111/dollar in under two days (Oct. 7-8). The dollar had become less alluring comparative with the yen: the Fed cut the markdown rate, speculative stock investments loosened up short yen positions, and Japanese banks and other money related establishments dumped dollar protections since they required the capital at home (particularly after the Nikkei 225 plunged underneath 13,000). Getting in yen at incredibly low inte... Getting in yen at incredibly low loan fees was viewed as a free lunch. At that point one day the free lunch vanished. Tiger Management, a flexible investments which had been acquiring in yen to purchase dollar resources, endured lost nearly $2 billion on Oct. 7 because of the flood in the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar. That was around 9 percent of the store's worth. Credit crunches used to bank wonders only. No more. During the 1980s and 1990s in the past illiquid resources turned out to be progressively attractive or tradable. They not, at this point simply sit on the benefit side of some bank's accounting report. Securitization is the procedure by which an assortment of receivables is assembled in a bundle, and afterward bonds are given against the bundle. The bundle might be an assortment (or arrangement) of Mastercard receivables, or vehicle rent installments, or business home loans, or some comparative kind of advantage which gives backing. Installments made to the proprietor of the bundled resources are then passed along, to a limited extent, as intrigue and head to the bondholders. The securities (which may have different peculiar and magnificent names, for example, CMOs- - collateralized contract commitments) exchange an optional market, so the entire procedure has turned reasonably illiquid things (the first charge card installments, or whatever) into tradable protections. The expression disintermediation is additionally utilized, implying that banks (or other money related middle people) are not, at this point the immediate loan specialists, yet rather security buyers become the immediate moneylenders. Reimbursement to the bond speculators relies upon the great credit of those creation installments into the benefit pool (of business contracts, or whatever), with the goal that the intrigue installments on the bonds mirror a credit spread over a few

What Is An Autobiographical Essay?

What Is An Autobiographical Essay?One question often asked by students when they begin writing essays for their course on the history of ideas and theory, is 'What is an autobiographical essay?' Often this question is posed with an assumption that the student is writing a reflection on one's own life. However, it is often difficult to think about your own life as being written in a narrative.An autobiographical essay is a narrative of one's life that includes biographical information from all aspects of the writer's life, especially the personal biographical information of the writer. For example, when writing about a family member, that person's names, birth date, and death date may be included. Other forms of biographical information, such as photographs, videos, diaries, or other types of archival materials are also included. As the writer talks about how the personal information in his or her life changes as the biographical information changes throughout the course of the writer 's life, this is what is known as the 'subject' of the essay.This is different from the 'commentary' (what some students call 'analysis') which is a reflection on life, and in which the writer will base a judgment about a particular aspect of life. This type of essay is usually written by people who have been actively thinking about the current events and themes that are featured in the book of life. It is also sometimes written by an academic who is looking at life through a historical perspective.As stated, each of the four forms of biographical material in the subject of the essay, but there are also others. There are frequently times that the subject can be any type of writing, including text, images, videos, diaries, audio recordings, photographs, novels, essays, poems, play scripts, essays about the spoken word, memos, documents, and much more. The only limits on the subject of the essay are the boundaries of the essay itself.Because the subject is whatever the writer chooses, he or she will be expected to choose the most relevant biographical information, and any other topics or points of view that are relevant to the topic that is being discussed. This means that the writer must look at the story from every possible angle and look at each element of the writing from all possible perspectives. In addition, a professional writer has the tools to do so that make it easy to get the most out of the subjects that are being described in the essay.The best place to find good essay samples is online. That is because writing essays for a course like this requires that the writer's writing skills are exceptional, especially if the essay is to be published as a book. Many teachers who have written about the history of ideas and theory know how difficult it is to find good writing samples, or even first drafts, because students tend to send in their original works without editing, and then these essays are sent back to them for further revision.Online resources tha t offer samples make it easy for anyone who has the ability to use the Internet to find good essay samples that are used by writers who are experts in their field. These resources provide information about how the writer can access the sample documents, and the quality of the essay is determined by how the writer uses the samples. Some resources even offer different programs that the writer can take advantage of to make the finished work even better.So, while writing essays for history of ideas and theory, you will find that it is important to look for the best possible essays samples. These samples include those that are researched and edited by experts in the field, and they should be taken as examples of the best type of essay. At the same time, they should be used as resources for the writer in writing his or her own essay, which is exactly what the essays sample is supposed to be.

Book Report Kaffir Boy By Mark Mathabane Essay

For this assignment, we were required to read Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane. This book goes in depth about an African boy’s coming of age. It goes over a lot of what Mark has gone through and how he overcomes the cruel behavior of the apartheid system. He also describes the racism and stereotypes the black children dealt with. From this book out of the three parts, I decided to go over part two of the book, â€Å"Passport to Knowledge.† I picked this section because a few of the aspect in here interested me more such as the allure and harsh realities of gangs, classroom regulations, and parents disagreeing over the worth of formal education. By embracing education, he is able to rise out of despair and destitution and make something of himself. Summation In the begin of chapter twenty one, we learn Mark hated school because he was not too thrilled when his mom started dropping hints about starting school. In the environment where Mark grew up, education was not valued as much as survival, such as learning how to fight and steal. From a gang of boys, he believed school was a waste of time and wanted to be a part of their exciting life of surviving on their own by leaving their own homes to live in the junkyard. He was somehow attracted to their way of living such as searching for food and stealing things to gain money. He believed, their lifestyle was exciting, adventurous, and full of surprises. As soon as his grandma tells him they re getting ready for school, he triesShow MoreRelatedWhy Family Is Important For Success1282 Words   |  6 Pagesfostering success in people is in Mark Mathabane’s autobiography, Kaffir Boy. Johannes (now named Mark) was one of few black children lucky enough to be able to go to school in Apar theid South Africa, where this book takes place. When his mother told him he was going to go to school he replied, â€Å"I vowed never to go because it was a waste of time.† (Mathabane 123) After his first year in school he ends up at the top of his class. He eventually liked school and earned top marks every year. After several yearsRead MoreAnalysis Of Kaffir Boy : The True Story Of A Black Youth Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pageselite and lowered the social status of many black South Africans in the community. Various people also wrote about how the Europeans influenced inequality in South Africa through personal narratives. In, Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth’s Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa, Mark Mathabane illustrated Europe’s significant role during the apartheid regime from 1960 to 1978, and how it impacted his childhood negatively. Firstly, as a child born and raised in the ghetto of Alexandra, SouthRead More Biography of Oprah Winfrey Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesactress, was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi .She was born to unwed, teenage parents. Her mother Vernita Lee was eighteen and a housemaid. Her father Vernon Winfrey was twenty and in the armed forces. Winfrey was named Orpah from the Book of Ruth in the Bible, but her name was later changed to Oprah because it was easier to pronounce. As a youth, Winfrey moved to Milwaukee to live with her mother. Her mothers lack of supervision enabled several male relatives and friends to sexuallyRead MoreThe Breaking Apart of South African Families2263 Words   |  9 Pagescreated. Passes existed for several decades before the Urban Areas Act of 1923 created the articulate policy for the pass system which would later be intensified under apartheid. The goal of these policies, as described in Mamphele Remphele’s in her book about the hostel system, was to bring the Africans into the urban areas to care for the needs of the white population, and then have them leave as soon as they were no longer needed or desired. Michael Savage wrote in his article for the journal African

Causes And Effect Of Obesity - 1071 Words

Obesity is known to produce a number of stress and inflammation responses in the body that lead to the activation of the inflammatory signalling molecules, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitory kB kinase (IKK). Activation of these pathways plays a key part in the development of insulin resistance followed by progression to diabetes as they greatly affect inflammatory responses, insulin signalling, and lipid and glucose homeostatis (Nakamura et al. 2014). For example, activating the JNK pathway leads to serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins which results in inhibited insulin signalling and thus insulin resistance. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) has recently been shown to control the JNK and other major inflammatory pathways, to directly inhibit insulin signalling, to be activated by fatty acids as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and to be necessary for the activity of inflammasomes (Nakamura et al. 2010; Komiya et a l. 2010; Lu et al. 2012). Moreover, PKR has been found to be highly activated in obese people as well as mice with genetically and diet-induced obesity, especially in adipose and hepatic tissues (Boden et al. 2008; Nakamura et al. 2010; Carvalho-Filho et al. 2012). Finally, recent studies have found that PKR knockout obese mice were protected against both IR and obesity-triggered inflammation and that administration of PKR inhibitors reduced JNK activation, reduced inflammation in adiposeShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. 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Essay about Motivation - 1059 Words

Motivation is the desire to achieve the goal or reason why is making you do something it makes you feel like that to continue work to achieve your goal. Also to be successful in lifestyle you will need a good motivation to have the opportunity to survive. For example, some students have got motivation to complete their education. To put it simply motivation is knows as an interaction of the individual and the situation. Remember that the level of motivation varies between each individual and among individuals in different time. This essay will seek to critically examine to understand what motivation is as well as evaluate the three theories.†¦show more content†¦For example, if the worker is a poor person he will not satisfy his needs but still have the respect of social. Moreover, Maslows did not give important to the belief and I think that is more important than all the needs that mentioned in the hierarchy. However, this theory could be found in our lives always. The ERG theory based on work, but there is slight different. Alderfer has divided his needs to three groups of needs existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. The definition of needs Alderfer firstly, existence needs one of the necessary needs that are physiological and security needs such as, needs for food. Secondly, relatedness needs which is about the individual and the society in which they live. Finally but not least, growth needs include the human ability and self-realization. However, Alderfer theory has a different aspect with Maslows. That if a person failed to reach the top of that needs he have to return again to the basic needs. While Maslows theory has focused on seeking to achieve human need one at the same time. On the other hand, ERG believes that human could achieve more than one needs at the same time (Alerfer 1972, cited in Smith and Taylor 2007). 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Market Research and Its Use in a Marketing Plan Samples for Student

Questions: 1.Who Are The Competition For Your Favourite Product? 2.SWOT Analysis and Its Use In The Marketing Plan? Answers: Introducation: Marketing is a very complicated task and it has to go through various steps. The production of a market product and its following packaging and branding needs to be done very swiftly so that the marketing can be done properly. The first step for branding a product is to make a proper market research. Marketing research is seen as a basis on which the entire marketing program depends on (Malhotra, Birks Wills, 2013). The steps of a marketing research are to prepare a brief research design. The research design should be based on a thorough overview of the current marketing positions. The importance of the primary and secondary data should be understood. The secondary data should be based on the sales records and the customer profiles. The responsibility of the marketing research should be given to a specialist company who will carry it out. Market Research and its use in a Marketing Plan Marketing plan is something that is needed to be done according to the outcomes of the marketing research process (Westwood, 2016). A marketing plan is something where proper strategies have to be fixed so that the proper strategies and tactics can be employed for a positive outcome in the business. A marketing plan has to be focused on the time period of the next 12 months. Suppose a famous automobile company like Volkswagen group of companies that is located in Wolfsburg, Germany must make some good marketing strategies that can attract the entire European markets as well as the world markets. It is very important to capture the market by competing with the other famous companies like Mercedes, Toyota, Audi and others. They should assess the strategies of the other companies and make theirs to sustain their markets. Competition for the Favorite market In this part the topic of discussion is the comparison between the favorite product and its competitor. According to the requirements, the favorite product has been chosen as the Apple iPhone 7. The competitor of the product is the Samsung Galaxy s7 phone. The competition market in the sphere of electronics market is immense (Mayer, Melitz Ottaviano, 2014). All the companies are recruiting its best resources to capture the market and adopting the best strategies. The external factors that impacts on the market may be considered as the tactics and strategies applied by them. The different strategies have to be assessed by the favorite product companies (Glowik, 2016). In this scenario, the favorite product is the Apple iPhone 7. The most recent brand in the smart phone industry by Apple company is the iPhone 7. Their competitor in the market is the Samsung Galaxy s7 which is also a new launched product in the market. Apple is a much reputed company famous for their iPhones and iPads. These are very popular products to the upper class families. The main aspect is that the cost of these products is very high and have particular customer base. Samsung is trying to capture the market of Apple lovers. It is a known fact that these two products are run by two software platforms-iOS and Android (Liu et al., 2013). The iOS software does not support many applications though it is a symbol of pride and status. On the other hand, Android software supports most of the applications so it can attract young generation members. The favorite product Iphone 7 must adopt some strategies so that they can produce some cost effective products. These cost effective products will be able to attract the middle class families and it would make their brand more popular than their competitor product. PESTEL analysis and the ways it affect the new products PETSEL analysis is a very effective way of assessing the marketing strategies of an organization (Jurevicius, 2013). The PESTEL analysis somewhat helps this process by analyzing the different aspects in the marketing criteria. The aspects include the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal issues. They are very useful collectively to draw out the proper marketing tactics to launch a product. The company chosen here is Vodafone which is a leading telecommunication industry. The latest example of the Vodafone products is the Vodafone Smart powered by 528 MHz Qualcomm MSM7225 processor. Vodafone is a reputed telecommunication industry spread in the entire world. The countries in which they are doing their business must support their endeavors. If a country is politically unstable, it would be very problematic to do a proper marketing, Political unrest would hinder Vodafone to market their products and this is why they should choose countries, which are politically stable. The economic aspects do not affect the business directly but it affects the business on a bigger level by affecting the goods, services and the financial state of the business. It also conforms to the ideas of customer demands and taxes (Bodie, 2013). Vodafone must assess their economical strengths and be able to manage the losses when it comes to count. They should always try to keep up a good economical stability in their business profits. The social factors include the introduction of the social media in the lives of people and the marketing analysis. Social marketing has become a part and parcel in the peoples lives. The society is changing and the marketers have to keep updated with the changing scenario. They should introduce new plans that would attract the new customers and prove to be benefit for them. They should cater to the needs of the societal progress. The recent technology has to be used in manufacturing the products and the infrastructure of the organization. They must provide the customers with a better network and sufficient data speed so that it would keep the customers satisfied always. The environmental factors have to be analyzed before the launching of the product like the customer health, climate change, physical condition of the earth and others. Vodafone should also present their product benefits to help the needs of the customers. These things are very important for the growth of Vodafone. The legal factors include following the law and not violating it at any cost. They must follow the legal guidelines of the countries to keep their reputation alive. SWOT analysis and its use in the marketing plan It is observed that SWOT analysis is one of the significant strategic marketing tools that help the organization to identify the internal as well as external forces that have strong impact on the business. The strength gives the confidence regarding the factors, which the firm has the right as well as which it could capitalize on. Likewise, Agarwal, Grassl and Pahl (2012) mentioned that weakness demonstrates the weak areas within the company, where the management needs to work on. Similarly, opportunities are referred to the strategic options available to the company to develop the business and gain customer base. The last aspect of SWOT analysis is the threat that determines the major threats for the organizations, which could be both internal and external. The SWOT analysis is effective when the organizations need to develop a new strategy or expand in a new market. Before implementing the strategies, it could focus on its internal capabilities and external opportunities. Based on the analysis, the company could further modify the strategies. The significance of SWOT analysis has been discussed in the following with an example of its application used by KFC. The latest example that KFC has produced is the Chili Chizza. Strength v KFC is worlds second largest fast food chain with more than 18,000 outlets in 120 nations around the world (Nehir Simsek, 2012) v It is the subsidiary of Yum. This brand owns Pizza Hut and Taco Bell. v Increasing range of products help KFC to gain popularity in the global environment Weaknesses v The consumption of unhealthy fats as well as unhygienic ingredients are creating negative impact in the fast food sector, where KFC is not an exception v Franchisees management is one of the critical issues in the operation of fast food chain. In addition, because of the conflicting operational problems between KFC as well as its franchisees, several outlets of KFC closed the operation in the developed nation like Singapore and Malaysia (Ye, 2012) Opportunities v It is identified that emerging economy in the global environment as well as their changing life style could result into more outing with the families, which remains as the significant opportunity for KFC. Moreover, KFC recently got into the vegetarian categories but competitors like McDonalds has become a major player in the category. Therefore, specializing into Veg items, the company could make difference in its overall business growth (Mylonakis Evripiotis, 2016). Threats v Due to increasing health awareness of government and NGOs and awareness campaign, people are becoming more concerned about what to consume or what to avoid, which is affecting the overall business of fast food sector. Table 1: SWOT analysis of KFC (Source: Nehir Simsek, 2012) Segmentation, targeting and positioning in marketing (STP) The organizations market growth depends on how it treats the market, which how the company deals with the customers. Thus, as the advanced marketing strategy, the company categorizes the market based on the demography, psychographic as well as geography. Therefore, to understand the application of segmentation and its impact, the example of beverage company Coca Cola has been discussed in the following. Demography- Coca Cola significantly focuses on people whose age falls under the category of 15 to 25 years (Karnani, 2014). It significantly targets the both male and female as the beverage items are purchased by both male and female. In addition, the company also focuses on the income while designing the beverage items. For example, the people who have low level of income prefer to buy the returnable glass bottle, whereas people with high income prefer can. Thus, Coca Cola design its products based on the average income of the people in the market and their age. The latest product launched by Coca Cola is the Aquarius mineral water. Figure 1: Demographic Segmentation (Source: Karnani, 2014) Psychographic- As consumer buying behavior has strong impact on the organizational operation, the design of products and service should be based on the buying behavior of the consumers. However, people who are brand conscious may not drink beverage items of less know brands. Therefore, Coca Cola focuses on the market that has increasing percentage of education to convey its brand message. Geographic segmentation- The beverage items of Coca Cola is based on climate, population and locality. As put forward by Barkay (2013), Coca Cola sells its products based on the country and region. However, it varies in accordance to the taste and income level. For example, the third world nations are given low quality and taste. As people most prefer cold beverage items, the main idea of Coca Cola is to serve the items cold. Therefore, it focuses on the hot areas of the world such as UAE and other Asian nations. Target customers- The target customers of Coca Cola is youths and adult. The brand mainly focuses on high school students and college goers who prefer to hang out in the pub and restaurants. Positioning- In order to position the brand, Coka Cola mainly focus on the markets that have highest population such as downturn of the cities, Tier I and Tier II cities. However, due to the increasing popularity of brand, Coca Cola even got into the small cities (Singh, 2013). New product/services launch or brand management It is not certain that launch of every product will bring success to the company. Many organizations are there in the global environments that have experienced the product failure in their long-term operation in the market. Product Failure of Nokia-Lumia Even though, Nokia has gained a tremendous popularity in the global environment due to cell phone, in the recent time the operation of Nokia has largely been affected due to the strong market presence of Samsung. Samsung introduced its Smartphone in 2009 collaborating with the Google and it gained a tremendous popularity as people have shifted their focus from low cost cell phone to innovative Smartphone (Kolk Rungi, 2013). However, Nokia took many years to launch its Lumia collaborating with Microsoft and people were already aware of Microsoft Windows software (Karnani, 2014). Therefore, the product did not gain popularity as the customers were looking for innovative software like android instead of used software. The latest product launched by Nokia Lumia is the Microsoft Lumia 550 powered by Windows 10 version software. Kindle-Amazon Undoubtedly, Amazons Kindle has gained an excellent success in the market. Nearly, Amazon sold 17.5 billion of Kindle devices in the last year (Soler et al., 2012). First time in history, e-book lovers have received that worth their money and time. Excellent features of Kindle helps users to read any book and stories. These user-friendly devices help the buyers carry the devices wherever they go. References Agarwal, R., Grassl, W. Pahl, J., (2012). Meta-SWOT: introducing a new strategic planning tool.Journal of Business Strategy,33(2), pp.12-21. Barkay, T., (2013). When business and community meet: a case study of Coca-Cola.Critical Sociology,39(2), pp.277-293. Bodie, Z. (2013).Investments. McGraw-Hill. Glowik, M. (2016).Market Entry Strategies: Internationalization Theories, Concepts and Cases of Asian High-Technology Firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Jurevicius, O. (2013). PEST PESTEL Analysis.Strategic Management Insight,13, 2013. Karnani, A., (2014). Corporate social responsibility does not avert the tragedy of the commons. Case study: Coca-Cola India.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,9(3), pp.11-23. Kolk, A. Rungi, M., (2013). Total exploitation orientation in capability development: the cross-case of Google, Ericsson, Microsoft and Nokia.Research in Economics and Business: Central and Eastern Europe,4(2). Liu, Y., Li, F., Guo, L., Shen, B., Chen, S. (2013, March). A comparative study of android and iOS for accessing internet streaming services. InInternational Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement(pp. 104-114). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Malhotra, N. K., Birks, D. F., Wills, P. (2013).Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. Mayer, T., Melitz, M. J., Ottaviano, G. I. (2014). Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters.The American Economic Review,104(2), 495-536. Mylonakis, J. Evripiotis, M., (2016). Towards an assessment of globalization and localization of western east-food chains in china: the case of kfc.European Journal of Business and Innovation Research,4(3), pp.17-28. Nehir El, S. Simsek, S., (2012). Food technological applications for optimal nutrition: an overview of opportunities for the food industry.Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,11(1), pp.2-12. Singh, D., (2013). The brand personality component of brand goodwill: some antecedents and consequences.Brand equity advertising: Advertising's role in building strong brands, p.83. Soler, L.S., Kok, K., Camara, G. Veldkamp, A., (2012). Using fuzzy cognitive maps to describe current system dynamics and develop land cover scenarios: a case study in the Brazilian Amazon.Journal of Land Use Science,7(2), pp.149-175. Westwood, J. (2016).How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Ye, S., (2012). The impact of destination personality dimensions on destination brand awareness and attractiveness: Australia as a case study.Turizam: znanstveno-stru?ni ?asopis,60(4), pp.397-409.

Impact of plastics on the environment

Many people are exposed to dangers associated with plastic production every day. Wastes resulting from plastics products find their way into water bodies where they act as transport means for microorganisms which end up in marine habitats such as seas causing infections to organisms living in water.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of plastics on the environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When plastic degrades, it produces plastic dust which causes pollution to aquatic animals. In addition, this dust causes contamination of human consumer goods especially food products posing a great threat to human health. Aquatic animals that feed on fish may mistake plastics for jellyfish and consume them and this may lead to death of such animals. In other cases, plastics that have been disposed in landfills may cause leaching of chemicals which end up in water bodies causing contamination (Uciha, 2010, p. 1). Imp roper disposal of plastics may have physical impacts on birds where they entangle them to death. The entangled birds may as well be deposited in water bodies alongside the plastics during which they may chock the fish. Impact of mercury on the environment Mercury is one of the most important life threatening chemicals to humans. Mercury exists in many products especially scientific ones. When released through degradation, it is referred to as methylmercury and finds its way into water bodies from where it is ingested by man (Uciha, 2010, p. 1). It has adverse effects such as reducing the capability of the human immune system and affecting the normal functioning of human enzymes, genes and the nervous system. Animals that feed on fish are also affected in a similar manner. However, mercury resulting from broken thermometers is not as much toxic although it may cause gingivitis to those who inhale it. Impact of natural gas and oil production on the environment Extraction of oil produc es toxic substances that may be lethal to aquatic life. Humans may also suffer cardiovascular problems due to such toxic substances. Pathways of photosynthesis may as well be blocked especially where dynamite is being used for extraction, leading to low production of food (Uciha, 2010, p. 1). Reference List Uciha, A. (2010). Environmental impact. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Impact of plastics on the environment was written and submitted by user Kenny D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Winning Cover Letter

How to Write a Winning Cover Letter In todays challenging employment field, job hunters are finding they need to apply to a much higher volume of positions over a greater amount of time before they land that new job. Theres all the more reason, then, to include a remarkable cover letter with your resume that makes you stand out from the pack and truly shine in an employers eyes.Your big sales toolIn an ideal world, your cover letter and resume should complement each other perfectly. The letter will sell the heck out of all your fabulous skills and why this employer cannot live without you, then the resume will hammer it in with the specific details of your education, experience and skills to back the cover letter up.The cover letter has truly become the single most important item that you can send to an employer, especially in a job market where companies are receiving hundreds of qualified applicants for each open position. No matter what field your expertise is in, writing a winning cover letter requires that you can step into a sales position (if only for a moment) to sell yourself.While the task may seem daunting, especially if you dont consider yourself the sales type, you shouldnt fret. After all, you are undoubtedly the person who knows your abilities and skill set best. So once you find the right language to convey your strengths to a potential employer, and match it up cleverly to what the employer is seeking, you will be right on track to getting through the gates for an interview.Do some braggingYour cover letter is no place to be modest. Employers are attracted to applicants that exude confidence and show a real command of their strong points. This is not to say you should be so pompous in your bragging that you insult or turn off an employer. Instead, your cover letter should express a respectful, enthusiastic and confident explanation of your qualifications and past experience that make you the best person for the job.So how do you make this magic happen, you ask? Well, the answer i s to just be you, but in their words. By this I mean that with every job ad you decide to apply to, you should be critically examining what that employer is asking for. Then, using your basic, generic cover letter that wasnt getting you the attention you really deserved, reword your drab sentences to cater specifically to the potential employers request while highlighting your high points at past positions.For example, see the ho-hum cover letter below of a mid-level sales person looking to advance.Basic cover letter:John Doe123 Main StreetNew York, NY 12234To whom it may concern:After reading your advertisement for a sales professional on Monster.com, I am applying for the position.My experience in sales includes customer service, presentations to clients, marketing and some management of junior sales people in my region. I have consistently met the sales goals and standards for all the companies I have worked for. I have also been responsible for training junior sales people at ti mes, and am familiar with the process of learning product knowledge in order to sell a product.I am well groomed and easy to get along with. I am used to working independently and am self-disciplined enough to do so. I enjoy the sales field and the challenge of meeting sales goals.I hope you will see that I can be a good person for this sales professional position. Thank you for your time and consideration. I hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely,John Doe619-555-1234 home619-555-5678 cellWhy its basicMr. Doe might feel like this cover letter gets his point across pretty well, and hes right to some degree. He has listed all the meaningful points that make his skill set attractive. However, hes delivered this information in a just the facts sort of format. Theres no confidence, no selling himself, and no catering to the specific employers needs in this letter.In order to demonstrate how Mr. Doe could alter this basic, generic cover letter to make it a real sales pitch on his behalf, le ts say he came across the following job ad and decided to apply for it.WANTED: Sales professional for Fortune 500 company. Must be a real self-starter and able to work independently. Management experience a plus. Position requires the ability to make presentations to clients, follow-up with regular, reliable customer service, and learn product knowledge inside out. Would like an individual with proven sales achievement and eager to make unlimited income. Fax Mr. Shoe at 619-555-9876 with a cover letter and resume for consideration.See the letter below for ways Mr. Doe could target his basic cover letter specifically to this ad, and make himself and his expert skills stand out and get noticed in the process.A winning cover letterJohn Doe123 Main StreetNew York, NY 12234Dear Mr. Shoe:After reading your advertisement for a sales professional on Monster.com, I am enthusiastically applying for the position.My experience as a regional sales manager for ABC Communications has allowed me to learn the importance of good customer service, coupled with first-class management and marketing skills. In all my sales posts, I have been required to master a great deal of product knowledge, give extensive presentations on products, keep in regular contact with clients and prospects, and meet sales goals and standards. Also in all my sales positions, I have not only met, but exceeded, the sales quotas required, helping the companies to reach new, all-time sales records.On a personal level, I am confident, well groomed and easy to get along with. I am very self-disciplined and can get the job done in an independent environment. I know how to listen to and recognize a clients buying cues. I am stimulated by the idea of unlimited earning potential and enjoy the challenge of meeting and beating sales goals.I would love the chance to meet with you in person to discuss how I could be an asset to your company. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from yo u soon!Sincerely,John Doe619-555-1234 home619-555-5678 cellSo you see, with a little more description and some detailed focusing of his cover letter to the employers requirements, Mr. Doe is bound to get noticed much more with this second, winning cover letter. Of course, it goes without saying that you should always check your cover letter for grammar, spelling and punctuation before you send it off, and use an easy-to-read font (Times New Roman or Arial are nice) and point size (10 to 12 point is good).In summary, writing a winning cover letter every time requires some bragging and selling on your part, as well as carefully crafting sentences aimed at the potential employers needs. Following this formula and combining your cover letter with a well-written resume is a surefire way to get you in the door for an interview long before the applicants who send in the same old, tired, generic cover letter to every job ad.

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management- Phase 2 part 2DB Essay

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management- Phase 2 part 2DB - Essay Example It simply relates to fixed-price contracts that proffer for development payments. Although it utilizes a formula procedure, it is not planned to be a precise result of the cost of working capital. Its intention is to present general detection to the contractor’s cost of working capital below unstable contract conditions, financing strategies and the financial situation. The contracting officer should analysis the extent to which expenses has been acquired previous to the finalization of the contract operation. The evaluation should be comprised some condensed contractor risk on together the contract previous to finalization and the enduring piece of the contract. When charges have been acquired previous to the finalization, usually scrutinize the contract category risk to be in the small termination of the designated selection. If an extensive part of the costs has been acquired previous to finalization, the contracting officer can distribute a worth as low as 0 %, in spite of contract type.1 Now I will discuses how contract types allocate risk in state of above normal conditions. The contracting officer might allocate an advanced than normal value when there is significant contract type risk. These risks can: FMS sales where the contractor would be able to divulge that there are considerable risks above those typically presented in DoD contracts for comparable items; or A violent performance based imbursement agenda that adds to risk. Now I will elaborate how contract types allocate risk in state of below normal conditions. The contracting officer may allocate an inferior than usual value when the contract category risk is small. Indicators of this are: Why this contract? I have selected this type of contract because the software development company will be given enough time to develop the software. Because there is no incentive for them in developing this software early and the price of software development is fixed, so they can not

No Smoking on School Grounds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No Smoking on School Grounds - Essay Example Although some people are against the implementation, total â€Å"restriction on smoking on school groups† will be very effective in reducing the unpleasant effects of smoking. Why there should be no smoking on school grounds If a school allows smoking by students, teachers, or workers, people should advocate for change. There should be tough restrictions on smoking in schools and teachers have to smoke elsewhere and not schools. In many states, it is unlawful for children to buy cigarettes. No one should buy cigarettes for students or ask students to buy for them. If learners are allowed to smoke in schools, the chance of them start using other drugs is high. Cigarette smoking on school ground by teachers or other students can make other students start smoking. Once a student has started smoking, the bond between the student and other smokers affects his decision-making on whether to stop or continue doing it. The outcomes of many researches show that many adults who are smoki ng started the smoking habit in schools. Other students and school casual workers are the ones who influenced most of them to smoke. Smoking cigarette can make students start misusing other substances (American Cancer Society). Since schools have high populations, smoking on school ground leads to poor health for the ones smoking and the people around them. The number of first time smokers is augmenting daily, and many of them become habitual smokers. Some of them die because of diseases that are related to the behavior. They are risking their lives and the lives of those who are around them (American Cancer Society). Smoking on school grounds leads to poor performances in class. This is because teachers who smoke have been observed to use part of their times to smoke instead of teaching. The teachers also rush the lessons so that they can get time to smoke. Therefore, they spend a little time with students and fail to teach well. Additionally allowing smoking in schools can make st udents to spend more time in smoking instead of studying. For example, during break times they rush out to smoke instead of doing other helpful activities. Smoking also reduces the students’ concentration in class. Instead of listening to the teachers in class, the students long for break times so that they go out to smoke. For this reasons, â€Å"restriction on smoking on school grounds† should be helpful (Blatt 104). Another reason why there should be the restriction of smoking, in schools, is the increase in harmful behaviors in schools. Researches have proved that most students who smoke become rebellious in schools and some of these learners end up being expelled. Some students get suspension from schools due to misbehaving making them miss classes; thus, reducing their class performances. Students who smoke cigarettes mostly engage into fights and some of them even carry other dangerous drugs in schools risking other students’ lives. Cigarette smoking stud ents also suffer from psychological illnesses and this contributes to poor performances in schools (American Cancer Society). Refutation Some researchers argue that the implementation of â€Å"no smoking on school ground† will not be effective because it will be hard to monitor everyone in the institutions (Jacobson 144). I disagree with them because if schools become increasingly aggressive in enforcing no-smoking rules, people will stop smoking on the school grounds. To make

Marketing Strategies Of Hong Thai Travel

Marketing Strategies Of Hong Thai Travel As the tourism is important industry in Hong Kong, more and more travel agencies use different marketing strategies to attract tourists. These travel agencies have like Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday. Hong Thai Travel is a big organization. It is established in 1966, and now has more than one thousand employees. On the other hand, Smart Holiday is a small organization. It is established in 2007, its been only two years since it established. They can be existence together through use different marketing strategies. In this proposal, I will compare Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday can be existence reasons together. I would focus on Hong Thai and Smart Holiday in Hong Kong to deeply know about the marketing strategies, thats mean I would like to compare on marketing strategies of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday as well as what factors will affect /attract tourists, what promotion channels will use for tourists and so on. By using questionnaires, 140 tourists will be asked, in other to investigate which one may attract tourist between Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Relationship between factors such as package price, travel agency location, service quality and so on. Besides, I will use the data collection method to finish this proposal like communication approach. Beside, sampling method was used by this proposal. I will through interview, telephone, e-mail, internet to study and analysis the marketing strategy of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. And I would like to use those methods to test what are strategies usefully. In additional, I will be refer to some relevant literature to analysis and study about marketing strategies, such as Medial Tourism Business Plan (Medial Tourism Business Plan 2009) and some reasons lead to consumer to choose travel agency (V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu 2000: 52-59). Aim A comparison of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday concerning about the aspects of marketing strategies is conducted and information regarding of that is going to be shown in this project in which some elicitations hopefully can be given out. Besides, because the marketing strategies must be affect travel agencies sales, I have interest to study their marketing strategies. Background Hong Kong travel agencies developed very rapidly. In the past, Hong Kong has only large organization of travel agency, such as Wing On Travel agency, Hong Thai travel agency and so on. In some survey showed that tourists are rather well education with 34 percent having post secondary school and another 37 percent university qualification or above. (Eturbonews 2009) More and more people have money to travel because much more peoples have high education and they have some pressure in working. Also, they want to reduce a lot of pressure through a trip. Therefore, the travel industry needs larger. In travel agencies, large organizations of travel agency has use difference preferential price to attract more peoples. Besides, small organization of travel agency has use difference marketing strategy to attract more peoples, therefore, these operation are increasingly successful. Now, Hong Kong has more than 133 travel agencies. It is including small and large organizations of travel agency. In the past ten years, Hong Kong has only 105 travel agencies. It meaning travel industry developed very rapidly. In some travel agency make a survey in the past twelve months, 37 percent of tourists went to mainland china and Macau, 34 percent of them want to north and northeast Asia that including Taiwan, 15 percent of them went to south and Southeast Asia. (Eturbonews 2009) It meaning china trip, north trip and south trip and so on, it is very popular trips. Also, travel agency can make above trips to attract peoples. It is a selling point for tourists. In smart holiday travel agency, it is focus on to provide Southeast Asian line for tourist because this line trip has cheap cost price. So, Smart holiday travel agency can establish more and more stores from one to eleven branch stores. Also, south and Southeast Asia line trips have big development areas. In some travel industry survey, it showed that when Customer chose trips, they are considering reliability of the branch, price, quality, customer services and popularity. So, in this situation, Hong Thai travel agency has above superiority. it is large travel agency which have much more experience in operation. So, it can make tourists reliability and satisfaction. For the recently tourism, more and more competitors have different marketing strategies to enhance their sales. Such as Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday. They are use different methods to attract consumers. In aspect of Hong Thai Travel, it is established in 1966, and now has more employees around thousand. A branch stores was distributed in different location like Kowloon, Hong Kong, New Territories, Macus and China. There are 30 branch stores because Hong Thai Travel is a big organization. In additional, based on Nielsen Media Index Hong Kong Report of 2001 to 2008 show that Hong Thai Travel has maximum tourists in Hong Kong. Hong Thai travel is a full services travel agency. It provides tour packages, cruise planning to single and groups. Hong Thai travel focus on tourists throughout Asia including Hong Kong, Singapore and so on. Hong Thai of Hong Kong is a full service agency, it offer group and single tour packages, cruise packages to a variety of destinations, ticketing and h otels and more. Hong Thai travel offers the best level of travel services and quality of tourism to customer. It offers quality services as a strategy that it leads business attracts more tourists. It includes business and personal travel. Hong Thai travel agency is a one-stop travel department store to offer wide travel products and services. Travel agency managing director Mr.Jackie Wong is widely recognized as one of the leader in travel industry of Hong Kong. Hong Thai motto we make it for you, that is Hong Thais commitment to continuous to develop better and more innovation and services. In aspect of Smart Holiday, it is established in 2007, which is its been only two years since it established. Although Smart Holiday is only two years operation experience, it has been own important position in travel agency. Smart Holiday have 11 branch stores that was distributed in different place such as Kowloon, Hong Kong and New Territories. Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday have differe nt selling point. In aspect of Hong Thai Travel, it always provides much more different trip line to consumer. Thus, Tourists have more choice about tourism. Hong Thai vision has become the customers most beloved travel agent. Hong Thais have ability to develop new products to their success. They work closely with tourism boards and handling agencies worldwide to bring the newest travel destinations to customers. Hong Thais a place of open communication and preferred place to work in. Hong Thais provide concrete service guarantees, namely is department guarantee, price guarantee, and Itinerary guarantee. These promises make their customer worry-free since they always book their trips months in advance. They match up potential opportunities and threats from external environment with their strength and weakness in internal competence, forming strategic initiatives in four aspects. It includes financial, customer, internal business process, learning growth. They use customer touch point strategic for the customers. Its mission is innovative, receptive to changes and socially responsible in offering high quality travel services. In aspect of Smart Holiday, it only focuses on to provide Southeast Asian line for tourist. Because of Smart Holiday is small travel agency, there trip price is cheaper than other big travel agencies. Its mission is providing high quality travel services and cheaper price tourism. Smart holiday enhance network marketing for their successfully. Much smaller travel agency tells us clearly that the market has played an important role and they maintain close contact existing customers and attract new customers. Smart holiday ensure that the company name, logo, message and tone in consistent from a communication tool in other to help strengthen the brand recall. Smart holiday should build a links to their website, blog and social network throughout all their communication channels. And, this makes it easy for interested reader to find out more about their company and what the ir can provides. Smart holiday use an event marketing tool to manage their event, and promote it via their social networks. Smart holiday can provide some discount incentives in shopping event and customer appreciation. Above informations is very important for me. I will refer to above information to compare their marketing strategies, and I would like to know they can be existence reasons together. On the other hand, travel agencies are affected by economic environment factor and social-culture environment factor and so on. For example, a travel agency sale was affected by economic environment badly. Objectives Below are the main points of the objectives of this research: Comparison of 4p marketing strategy of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday (place, price promotion and product) Examine the reasons why they join the trip from that channel? (Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday) Examine the relationship between factors (package price, travel agency location, service quality, training between staff etc.) Study the consumer behavior of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday Examine the most beloved tourism lines? (in Hong Thai Travel? In Smart Holiday?) Compare travel services in Hong Thai and Smart Holiday ( customer services quality) Examine Smart Holiday can be existence reasons( have lower cost? Focus on Southeast Asian line?) Research Methods I will use the data collection method to finish this proposal like communication approach. Beside, sampling method was used by this proposal. I use sampling method because it is lower cost. In additional, it has greater accuracy and greater speed. Questionnaires: During doing the project, I need to do a research for collecting the data from manager of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday and some tourists. Therefore, I decide to design the questionnaires for research with my focus group. I will discuss some questions about collecting the data which I want to know from interviewers. Also, I need to think that what kinds of format of questionnaire that will help me to analysis the data more easier, for example, yes/no questions or open-ended questions. After decision in the choice in format of questionnaire, I then print out some questionnaire and make an outdoor research by face to face method or by uploading the questionnaires onto the internet for collecting the useful data. 100-200 interviewers will be asked about the questionnaires. Sampling: First I sample the tourists which are in stores of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Those places are many tourist visits that place every day. After that, I sample the manager of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. When I am doing the survey at that moment, I use convenience sampling the tourists or managers who are male or female. Internet: The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network .On internet, I can find lots of information such as news, also many other services including e-mail, file and sharing. About my report, I will find the primary data or the second data though the discussion areas of internet, on discussion area, I can find the specify one such as travel agencies area .On this area, I can leave the message to people who are the travel lover or I can see whether there are tourist in discussion website, waiting for their response within some days. Sampling: I use the convenience sampling, because I do not know who are on internet, I post the questionnaires on internet and they will doing the survey who are telling me are tour guides. Another way is searching the tourist on the internet forum, I focus on the tourism part to find out the tourist. Telephone: Tele-interviewing is simple process of using a telephone interview as a means of collecting data about the interviewees experience in tourism and lifestyle. I can get the information about the customers satisfaction of tourism though telephone. By telephone, I find friend, family member, colleague, classmates etc. Moreover, different people have different explanations, so, their response to my questions will have different results. Those in formation just only for my reference to more understand tourist and I can gather some primary data about the marketing strategies of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. Sampling: I will use the quota sampling, first I may be told to Hong Thai and Smart Holiday to ask about the marketing strategies, To interview tourist who are stay in at home at that moment, ask about the marketing strategies of they think. E-Mail: Send the data and questions by e-mail which include my university name, course name, subject title, major questions and our purpose are to tourism hobbyist, leader, tour guides and other relevant persons. Sampling: I will use the quota sampling, first I may be told to Hong Thai and Smart Holiday to ask about the marketing strategies, I sent e-mail to above travel agencies in Hong Kong because I want to know their marketing strategies. Also I do not expect they are asked the question about marketing strategies. Interview: I gather the information by using face to face interview. Interview is a procedure designed to solicit information from a persons oral responses to oral inquiries. I will utilize structured interview for gathering the data from interviewees in that research. I am going to prepare the questions that will be asked before going out. During setting questions on questionnaires, I have to analyze the current situations in the Hong Kong so as to make the questions on questionnaires more updated. Besides of this, I also decide whether the dialogue will be recorded or not. As interview need to be allow by managers, I will send them a require letter, wish they will allow me to conduct interview. Or, maybe to interview tourist who are stay in travel agencies at that moment, ask about the marketing strategies of they think. Project plan Please refer to other paper Critical review of relevant literature The literature review is focused on information search. Referring to that topic, I shall take about travel marketing strategies and choice of Hong Thai and Smart Holiday. According to Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in 2006, HKGCC Judging Panel said that now is Hong Thai Travel has successfully marketing strategies. It shows that Hong Thai Travel has successfully identified a market role and provided love seeking tour to specific group of consumers who expect companions. Using by a strong innovative culture, Hong Thai Travel is able to develop new gimmicks continually, adding value to its traditional services, and enhancing its leadership in a highest competitive market. Thus, the company can success is demonstrated by remarkable achievement in Hong Kong (HKGCC 2006). After that, Tourism Consultative Council suggests that travel agency may encourage innovation in future. Travel has an integral element in marketing strategies. I think that an integral element can use in marketing strategies of Hong Thai Travel and Smart Holiday Travel. If travel agencies has integral element of marketing strategies, it will explore how this will impact areas of manpower and technology in tourism market (the Tourism Consultative Council 2003). On the other hand, according to Medial Tourism Business Plan information, it shows that Travel agency should offer consumer VIP services and it ensures the highest level of consumer services. Besides of the product strategy, in aspect of promotion strategy, travel agency may hire a professional manager to generate publicity that reinforce their images and attract more consumers by focusing on consumer satisfaction. Thus, it may expect to achieve strong word-of-mouth advertising as consumes share their tourism experience with their close friends. Hence, it may be to minimize advertising cost through this way. Moreover, travel agency can use the internet to promote themselves, they can invest in a best-in-class website that is designed to appeal to the sensibilities of upscale consumers. Other way, travel agency can make limited use of direct mail by creating an extremely high quality mail piece that will be send to the consumers. In aspect of sales strategy, Medial Tourism Business Pl an suggests that travel agency may employ professional case manager who will be first point of contact with prospective consumers. Thus, it can encourage up-selling of their VIP services. Above strategies might be use to Hong Thai and Smart holiday (Medial Tourism Business Plan 2009). In additional, there are many reasons lead to consumer to choose travel agency. A total of 183 Hong Kong consumers were surveyed and were asked to rate 29 attributes that might affect their choice of travel agency for all- inclusive package tours by V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu. The results showed that 29 attributes were affected about choice of travel agency in travel agency reputation. V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu said that Travel agency reputation was rated as the most important attribute in travel agency selection, followed by word-of-mouth communication and staff attitude. V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu suggested that might use seven factors to analysis choice of consumer. Also, Hong Thai and Smart Holiday are use seven factor to analysis choice of travel agency of consumers. It includes namely, Interactive Agent Quality, Formal Communication, Overall Convenience, Pricing, Product Features, and Image. Those factor can use to analysis marketing strategies to consumers (V. C. S. Heung and R. Chu 2000: 52-59). Besides of above strategies and some information, Susskind, A. M., M. A. Bonn, and C. S. Dev suggested that travel agency must let consumer has trust and trustworthiness of an information sources as well as booking channel (Susskind, A. M., M. A. Bonn, and C. S. Dev 2003: 256-64). Nysveen H suggested that travel agency has on line booking channel, which should be security and trustworthiness. So, Hong Thai Travel has online booking services, which website should be based on added values first of all aimed at the reduction of risk and uncertainty (Nysveen, H. 2003:113-127). On the other hand, Susan Segal-Horn suggests that manager needs to improve operational efficiency which through programs, such as total quality management, time-based competition, and benchmarks. Also, both smaller and large organization may changed how they performance of the activities, to eliminate efficiency and enhance customer satisfaction and successful the best practice. In order to keep pace with changes in the productivity of border management has accepted the continuous improvement, empowerment, change management, and so-called learning organization. (Susan Segal-Horn 2001: 75). In additional, Combes, G.C. and Patel said that the internet offers a potentially low-cost Retail distribution channels to reach customers 24 hours a day anywhere in the world. In addition, as the transfer of customer transactions to electronic channels, the detailed data that can be stepped up to collect Targeted advertising and marketing work, and reduce other operating expenses. The Internet has increased the price of access to information and products, so that Clients determine the best treatment, in the online and traditional channels to improve their communication with suppliers. Hence, Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday is open 24 hours communication channel for their customers. (Combes, G.C. and Patel 2000: 1) After that, Susan Segal-Horn implies that companies are success that only it can create different strategies, and the need to save the strategic. So, Hong Thai travel and Smart Holiday are must provide greater value to customers or at a lower cost to create a higher value, or both. Arithmetic superior profitability is as follows: to provide greater value, enabling the company to charge higher average unit prices, higher efficiency resulting in lower average unit costs. Lower or higher prices in the cost of time to the creation, production, marketing products and services to them, such as according to customer requirements, can improve the final product assembly and train their employees.( Susan Segal-Horn 2001: 74). Besides, Shohreh A. Kaynama, PhD and Christine I. Black, suggests that many service industries, travel agents believe the Internet is an opportunities and threats. So, some of the smaller agencies like Smart Holiday Travel Agency will choose to use the internet merely as a medium of communication, in order to promote with their business Static web site or as a way to receive e-mail with the customer. These small establishments Wish to participate in the competition and offer highly specialized travel services to customers and attract customers attention. Other traditional travel agencies are in a state of transition. These hybrid organizations also provide individual customers by focusing on Walk in and telephone services, while at the same time through their Web sites to develop automated reservation and booking system. Hence, it can increase company benefits. (Shohreh A. Kaynama, PhD Christine I. Black, MLS 2000:65).

Sweet Choices Essay -- Business, Dairy Queen, Grandpa McCullough

I. The Beginnings of Dairy Queen The founders of Dairy Queen's famous soft serve ice cream, John Fremont 'Grandpa' McCullough and his son Alex McCullough, originally established the Homemade Ice Cream Company in 1927 in Davenport, Iowa. The father and son duo originally sold an assortment of ice cream products in and around places like Moline and Rock Island, Illinois, and Bettendorf and Davenport, Iowa, until the need to expand in the early 1930's caused the McCullough's to decide to relocate their ice cream mix plant to a former cheese factory in Green River, Illinois. The process the McCullough's used to make ice cream was difficult and complex: Butterfat, milk solids, sweetener, and stabilizer were first combined, then mixed, and finally put into a batch freezer where the combination was chilled, given a specific amount of air (technically called 'overrun'), and flavored. The product was denser and richer than most ice creams, with less overrun. When the temperature reached 23 degrees Fahrenheit, a spigot was opened in the freezer and the soft ice cream flowed into three- gallon containers. The containers were covered with lids, frozen at minus-ten degrees Fahrenheit, and delivered to customers. When an ice cream store was ready to serve the product, the ice cream was put into a dipping cabinet and the temperature increased to five degrees Fahrenheit. (IDQ 1920-40) At the time, ice cream was frozen solid to accommodate manufacturers and store owners when they transferred the ice cream from one location to another location. However, when ice cream is served at such cold temperatures, it causes consumers taste buds to become numb which, subsequently, meant that consumers could not get the full flavor of the ice... ...65 in Canada, 123 in Japan, and over 30 in eight other foreign countries. (IDQ 1970) While the addition of the Peanut Butter Parfait and the Hot Fudge Brownie Delight in the 1980's proved to be very successful, it was the Blizzard that propelled the company to the number one spot in America's treat chain industry. This unique soft serve medley, mixed with fruit, cookies, and candy, sold over 175 million units in its first year alone. (IDQ 1980-90) The company gradually continued domestic and international growth in the early 1990's. Around the U.S., stores began to open in more non-traditional areas such as airports, railroad stations, shopping malls, and even office complexes. Internationally, the company planned to open stores in Western and Eastern Europe while development was started in Thailand, Cyprus, Kuwait, Oman, Taiwan, and Indonesia. (IDQ 1980-90)

Classical School of Criminology: Definitions of some terminology Essay

Introduction The Classical School of Criminology emerged during the period of Enlightenment and was to become an important role player in the scientific study of Criminology. The Classical School of thought offered the first naturalistic explanation of crime and basic ideas about crime and a criminal justice system were developed. (Bezuidenhoud, 2013, p. 126) The Classical school and its proponents left a legacy which can be seen in the Constitutions of many countries (including South Africa) and form the basis and foundation of many laws and Criminological theories. Here following is a discussion on three (3) of the concepts (Hedonism, Death Penalty and Deterrence) as introduced by the Classical School but with particular attention paid to how these concepts form a part of modern day Criminology and how the current concepts can be improved upon in South African Law. 1. Hedonism 2. Social Contract 3. Law 4. Deterrence 5. Due process of law 6. Death Penalty Hedonism The concept of Hedonism is grounded in several scientific fields of study. In Psychology the definition for Hedonism is given as: â€Å"the theory that conduct and especially all human behaviour are fundamentally motivated by the pursuit of pleasure or the avoidance of pain†. (Hedonism. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th Ed.) Jeremy Bentham in his book Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) defines Hedonism as â€Å"A doctrine with the central tenet that the achievement of pleasure or happiness is the main goal of life. (Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), Chap 5) The word ‘hedonism’ comes from the ancient Greek for ‘pleasure’. Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that only pleasure or pain motivates us. Ethical or evaluative hedonism claims that only pleasure has worth or value and only pain or displeasure has disvalue or the opposite of worth. Jeremy Bentham asserted both psychological and ethical hedonism with the first two sentences of his book An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation: â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain, and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do†. Debate about hedonism was a feature too of many centuries before Bentham, and this has also continued after him. (Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), Chap 1) In layman’s terms Hedonism implies that every human has the inborn desire and compulsion to weigh pleasure and pain up against each other and ultimately choose to go for the pleasure option. Therefore laws should be formulated in such a way that, bearing in mind the innate desires for pleasure, man will be curtailed by †pain†. Any person should be able to weigh the pleasure to be gained by an illegal act against the punishment (pain) decreed by law and subsequently to decide against the act. (Philips, A.R., (2014), Slide 19) In modern-day South Africa nothing seems to have changed. It is merely the forms of pleasure and pain that have evolved due to the technological changes since the 18th century. The search for pleasure has become more powerful with all citizens; society in general and government aiming at gaining â€Å"pleasure† sometimes at any cost. The ordinary citizen sees the level of luxury of the â€Å"haves† and will consider anything to be able to experience the same level of pleasure. Furthermore, certain promises were made 20 years ago when the country moved from apartheid to democracy. Although huge strides have been made there has been a definite widening of the gap between the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have-nots†. Simplistically crime has evolved into the one sector of the poor turning them to crime to achieve a level of survival (those who have experienced no or very little improvement in their lives) while another sector is driven to crime purely by greed. The  desire for fast, easy money through crimes such as drugs and prostitution. Death Penalty Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) together with Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was considered to be the most influencial during the Classical School period. Beccaria famously writing mostly about Deterrence as prevention of crime and Punishment should fit the crime Beccaria also called for the abolition of capital punishment. He offered three Main arguments: first, that the death penalty is not useful within a rational and well-ordered Criminal justice system; second that capital punishment is illegitimate under a social Contractarian theory of political obligation; and, third, that the irrevocable nature of the death Penalty is incompatible with the fallible human judgments that are necessarily involved in Capital punishment. Every time a remarkable crime occurs – remarkable either because of the fame of the victim or the extraordinary brutality of the act – there are people calling for a debate on the restoration of the death penalty in South Africa; for the protection of good people, children, and the whole of society against monsters. When it comes to death penalty the Constitution of South Africa is very clear too; there are three basic rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights which focuses on the unconstitutionality of state sanctioned murder. These rights are: the right to life, the right to freedom and security of the person and the right to dignity (SA Constitution, (1996), Section 12 (1)) The death penalty is a highly contentious issue which has been the subject of much debate, writings and research. Botswana still passes the Death sentence and is the country with the lowest crime rate. As stated in The Botswana travel Guide (2013) stated: â€Å"People in Botswana are very friendly and the crime rate is low.† Could the reason for this be that the Death sentence (an act of revenge) acts as Deterrence on a general level? This is a proverbial can of worms that I would definitely not like to open. South Africa’s Death sentence history is a very murky one. About 3500 inmates were hung in the previous century. Of these were 130 whose only crime was fighting for freedom for all South African citizens. (Is this the most ghoulish tourist attraction in the world? Gallows where 3500 were hanged declared a national, monument in South Africa, (2011, 15 December) My personal view on the topic is that we should maintain the status quo for several reasons. 1. Being a Christian I believe in the Commandment â€Å"Thou shall not kill† 2. Killing a killer does not make is right. 3. The Death sentence is purely an act of revenge and serves no purpose as deterrence. One could however argue the point that Abortion (which is legalized in this country) is also murder. Murder of intent but once again another contentious issue. Death sentencing, in my opinion, is barbaric, inhumane, and cruel and has no place in our modern society and Constitution. Deterrence According to the Classical school â€Å"the law was to protect the rights of both society and the individual, and its chief purpose was to deter criminal behaviour. Therefore Classical law emphasized moral responsibility and the duty of citizens to consider fully the consequences of behaviour before they acted†¦.. The role of punishment, according to Bentham, in itself was evil and should be used only to exclude some greater evil. Thus, the only justification for punishment was Deterrence. The Classical school saw two forms of Deterrence: a specific or individual form and a general or societal form.† (Williams, P.W. and McShane, M.D., (2014), pg. 17) Individual Deterrence is aimed at the individual who has committed the crime. The punishment should therefore be equal to the crime committed so that the offender will remember the unpleasantness of the punishment and not repeat the activity again. General or societal deterrence is aimed at the society at large. The severity of punishment should be determined by the extent of damage to the public welfare. BUT the aim of punishment should be to restrain the criminal from causing any further damage (individual deterrence) and deter others from crime (general deterrence). (Carlitz, A., (2013), Chap 5) In South Africa today our penal system makes provision for 3 aims of punishment: Retribution, deterrence and Rehabilitation. All three aimed at providing peace, harmony and safety for all its citizens. Our Constitution leans more heavily towards Rehabilitation. All attempts are therefore made to ensure that the offender learns from his punishment and rehabilitates to become a productive member of our society. Deterrence is to my mind a positive way of dealing with offenders. If implemented correctly it can go a long way in leading to a better society. However there seems to be different rules for different people. Deterrence has very little value if punishment for high-profile offenders is reduced while the ordinary citizen has to face the full wrath of the law. The society looks at the preferential treatment of certain high-profile citizens. Examples of preferential treatment. 1. Schabir Shaik (Durban businessman and friend of President Jacob Zuma): On 8 June he was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment on each of the two counts of corruption, as well as 3 years on the count of fraud. The sentences will run concurrently, giving him an effective 15year prison term. On 3 March 2009 Shaik was released on medical parole, after serving two years and four months of his 15-year prison term. Since that time he has been seen regularly busy with activities which clearly refuted his alleged medical condition (Opposition slams release of Schabir Shaik, (2009, 3 March), p. 1) and Schabir Shaik’s parole paradise, 2010, 8 January, p.1) 2. Jackie Selebi (SA Police Commissioner): Selebi was found guilty of corruption on 2 July 2010 and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment on 3 August 2010. His appeal against his sentence was rejected by the Supreme Court of Appeal on 2 December 2011, after the court unanimously ruled against him. However, he was released on medical parole in July 2012. (Selebi guilty of corruption, (2010, 2 July), p. 1) Tony Yengeni (South African politician): In 2004, Yengeni was convicted of  defrauding parliament by accepting a discount on a luxury car during the tendering process for a controversial arms deal while he was the member of a parliamentary committee reporting on the same deal. The case against Michael Woerfel was withdrawn since Yengeni was found not guilty on the charges involving Woerfel. Yengeni entered Pollsmoor Prison near Cape Town on 24 August 2006, was immediately transferred to more modern Malmesbury prison, but was released on parole on 15 January 2007 — after completing a mere four months of the four-year sentence. ((Tony Yengeni. (n.d.). In Wikipedia.) Cases such as the three mentioned above, do not sit well with the South African citizens. Such cases make people suspicious and negative towards our legal system. They do very little to act as a Deterrence since citizens believe that you will only receive fair treatment if you are somebody important. Conclusion One could argue that the Classical School was extremely radical regarding the rights of criminals and working tirelessly at proving that criminals were forced into crime by various internal and external factors because of the appalling circumstances and inhumane punishments that went on in the centuries prior to the enlightenment. They could seem to have had an axe to grind and wrote prolifically on the topic. What can however not be disputed is that they were very forward in their thinking and set the stage for many reforms to take place in the penal system. The value of their proposals is proven by the number of countries that have entrenched in their constitutions many of the changes advocated by the writers of the Classical School. Many of the ideas championed by Beccaria in such rights as freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, the right to a speedy trial, freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, the right to a prohibition of ex post facto laws, the right to confront one’s accusers, and equality under law, contained in the Bill of Rights and other documents at the heart of Western legal systems today. (Bezuidenhoud, C., Ed, (2013), p. 127) Bibliography Associated Press, (December 15, 2011), Is this the most ghoulish tourist attraction in the world? Gallows where 3500 were hanged declared a national, monument in South Africa, Daily Mail. Bentham, Jeremy, (1988), The Principles of Morals and Legislation. Amherst: Prometheus Books. Bezuidenhoud, C, Ed., (2013), A Southern African Perspective on Fundamental Criminology, Cape Town, Heineman Botswana, (n.d.), In Wikitravel, Retrieved on February 17, 2014 from http://wikitravel.org/ Carlitz, A., (2013), Theoretical foundation of Sentencing, Bloemfontein Groenewald, Y., (March 3, 2009), Opposition slams release of Schabir Shaik, Mail and Guardian. Groenewald, Y., (January 8, 2010), Schabir Shaik’s Parole Paradise, Mail & Guardian Hedonism. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th Ed.). Retrieved from http://www.mw.com/dictionary/hedonismp. Jackie Selebi (December 30, 2013), In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopaedia, Retrieved on 2014 February, 17 from http://en.wikipedia.org/ Philips, A.R., (2014), Crime Causation according to the Classical School, Bloemfontein. South African Constitution, (1996), Cape Town Tony Yengeni, (n.d.), In Wikipedia: The Free encyclopaedia, Retrieved on February 17, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wiliams P.W. & McShane, M.D., (2014) Criminological Theories, 6th Ed, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall